Long-duration energy storage (LDES) has moved from pilot projects to gigawatt-hour-scale deployment, and the vanadium redox flow battery sits at the center of that shift. Unlike lithium-ion chemistries, VRFB systems decouple power and energy, rely on a non-flammable, water-based electrolyte, and can be cycled for 20 to 25-plus years with minimal capacity loss — qualities that matter for utility-scale renewable integration, microgrids, and industrial back-up where lifecycle cost and fire safety carry as much weight as upfront price.
As 2026 opens, the global VRFB supply base spans long-running European and Japanese pioneers, fast-scaling Chinese manufacturers, and newer entrants from South Korea and Singapore. This article profiles ten manufacturers that EPCs, developers, and procurement teams are currently evaluating, with company basics, official links, and a short note on what each is known for.
1. HIITIO
- Founded: 2018
- Headquarters: Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Core products: HVDC contactors, semiconductor fuses, SPDs, BDUs, power semiconductor modules, LiFePO4 batteries, EV chargers, and vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) systems
- Official website: hiitio.com
- VRFB product page: hiitio.com/vanadium-redox-flow-battery-manufacturer-in-china
HIITIO is a Zhejiang-based manufacturer of new energy components that has grown from high-voltage DC switching hardware into a broader energy storage and EV supplier. Backed by an electrical engineering heritage tracing back to Hecheng Electric’s 2004 founding, HIITIO operates production facilities in Hangzhou and Anhui Province and serves EV, photovoltaic, energy storage, and HVAC/R customers worldwide.
Its product range now covers ceramic HVDC contactors, semiconductor fuses, surge protection devices, battery disconnect units, power semiconductor modules, LiFePO4 battery packs, EV chargers, and a vanadium redox flow battery line aimed at utility, commercial and industrial (C&I), and EPC customers seeking long-duration, non-flammable storage to pair with solar and wind assets.
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HIITIO’s VRFB portfolio centers on modular, containerized systems that integrate the battery stack, electrolyte, piping, and control system into a single transportable cabinet, simplifying site installation for distributed and small-to-mid-scale projects. The water-based electrolyte removes the risk of thermal runaway, while a rated working life of around 25 years and high cycle endurance support long-term operating economics.
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2. Dalian Rongke Power (RKP)
- Founded: 2008
- Headquarters: Dalian, China, with international operations based in Hong Kong
- Core products: VRFB systems (UPower, SPower and EPower series), flow battery stacks, vanadium electrolyte
- Official website: rkpstorage.com
Rongke Power is widely regarded as the largest VRFB manufacturer in the world by deployed capacity. Founded in 2008, the company has secured over 500 patents and surpassed 3.5 GWh of installed utility-scale systems worldwide. It operates a digital VFB “Gigafactory” with roughly 1 GW of annual production capacity and has delivered some of the largest VRFB projects on record, including a 200 MW/1,000 MWh installation in Jimusaer and a 200 MW/800 MWh project in Dalian. That scale and project track record make Rongke Power the reference point most procurement teams use when benchmarking VRFB readiness and bankability at gigawatt-hour scale.
Rongke Power’s UPower series targets distributed and C&I applications at 10 kW/40 kWh per unit, while its SPower series is built for utility-scale shared storage stations that can expand from kilowatt-hours to multi-gigawatt-hours. A vertically integrated supply chain — covering electrolyte production, stack manufacturing, and system integration — supports record delivery timelines and gives customers a single point of accountability for large grid-connected projects.
3. Sumitomo Electric Industries
- Founded: 2001
- Headquarters: Osaka, Japan
- Core products: VRFB systems for grid and industrial customers, alongside power cables and broader electronics materials
- Official website: sumitomoelectric.com
Sumitomo Electric is one of the longest-running names in VRFB technology, having worked on flow battery chemistry since the 1980s through its Environment & Energy business segment, with over two decades of commercial deployment behind it. As part of a diversified industrial conglomerate spanning automotive, electronics, and infocommunications, Sumitomo Electric brings deep manufacturing discipline and long-term financial stability to its energy storage line, and has supplied VRFB systems to utilities in Japan and the United States, with growing interest from Southeast Asian markets.
Sumitomo Electric’s VRFB systems are positioned for grid-stabilization duties that benefit from a flow battery’s long lifespan and flexible discharge profile, supporting fast-growing solar and wind interconnection. A notable reference project is a 2 MW/8 MWh system supplied to California utility SDG&E, one of the earlier large-scale VRFB deployments in the US market, reflecting the company’s experience qualifying VRFB technology against utility-grade interconnection standards.
4. Invinity Energy Systems
- Founded: 2020
- Headquarters: London, UK, and Vancouver, Canada, with facilities in the US, China, and Australia
- Core products: VS3 and ENDURIUM vanadium flow battery platforms
- Official website: invinity.com
Invinity Energy Systems is a publicly listed manufacturer (AIM: IES) formed from the 2020 merger of two flow battery pioneers, redT energy and Avalon Battery. The combined company describes itself as operating the largest deployed fleet of flow batteries in the world, with customers across the UK, mainland Europe, North America, Australia, and China. Invinity’s product strategy separates a commercial and industrial (C&I) platform from a utility-scale platform, giving it clearer route-to-market segmentation than many VRFB peers.
Invinity’s newest platform, ENDURIUM, targets large-scale projects from 10 MWh up to 1 GWh with discharge durations of 4 to 18 hours, with performance independently reviewed by DNV. A companion product, Endurium Enterprise, repackages the same module for behind-the-meter C&I projects starting at 4 MWh, giving Invinity coverage across both grid-scale and commercial storage segments.
5. CellCube (Enerox GmbH)
- Founded: early 2000s
- Headquarters: Wiener Neudorf, Austria
- Core products: CellCube FB-series VRFB systems
- Official website: cellcube.com
CellCube is among Europe’s most established VRFB brands, with more than two decades of product development behind its current FB-series systems. Engineered and manufactured in Austria, CellCube systems have been installed at over 130 sites worldwide, spanning renewable baseload, microgrid, off-grid, and industrial back-up applications. The company has also pursued manufacturing partnerships in Australia and supply-chain collaborations in South America, reflecting a strategy of localized assembly alongside its core Austrian production base.
CellCube’s current Release 4.2 systems are rated for a 30-year design life and more than 20,000 cycles at 100% depth of discharge, supporting a low levelized cost of storage over long operating horizons. The product range — from compact FB10 units to multi-hundred-kilowatt configurations — lets customers size systems from small commercial sites to multi-megawatt installations without switching technology platforms.
6. VRB Energy
- Founded: 2007
- Headquarters: Vancouver, Canada, with manufacturing operations in China and the United States
- Core products: VRB-ESS kW-Class and MW-Class systems
- Official website: vrbenergy.com
VRB Energy is a vanadium flow battery OEM with a long operating history in China’s grid-scale storage market, including systems supplied for projects linked to State Grid Corporation of China. The company is majority owned by Ivanhoe Electric, a US-listed critical minerals and technology group, which gives VRB Energy a strategic tie to upstream vanadium supply. In 2024, VRB Energy restructured its China operations into a joint venture with investment firm Shanxi Red Sun while establishing a new US manufacturing subsidiary in Arizona, splitting its global go-to-market footprint between Asia/Middle East/Africa and the Americas/Europe.
VRB Energy’s kW-Class systems are built around a 100 kW containerized power module that can be paired with 4 to 10 hours of electrolyte storage, while its MW-Class line scales beyond 100 MW for utility substations and large solar-plus-storage projects. The company cites more than 40 patents covering stack design, electrolyte composition, and system integration, alongside a claimed lifecycle cost advantage over lithium-ion in daily-cycling applications.
7. Largo Clean Energy / Storion Energy
- Founded: 2020
- Headquarters: Toronto, Canada (Largo Inc.), with VRFB manufacturing in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, US
- Core products: VCHARGE± VRFB systems; domestically produced vanadium electrolyte via Storion Energy
- Official website: largoinc.com
Largo Clean Energy is the energy storage arm of Largo Inc., a vertically integrated vanadium producer that mines high-purity vanadium at its Maracás Menchen Mine in Brazil. Since its 2020 launch, the unit has worked to build a leading position in safe, durable, grid-scale VRFB systems. In December 2024, Largo combined its VRFB business with Stryten Energy’s battery manufacturing expertise to form Storion Energy, a joint venture aimed at building a fully domestic US vanadium electrolyte and component supply chain — addressing one of the industry’s most persistent sourcing bottlenecks.
Largo’s core differentiator is upstream control over vanadium supply, which supports an electrolyte-leasing financing model that can lower upfront capital costs for VRFB buyers. Its VCHARGE± systems have been deployed alongside solar generation, including a 6.1 MWh installation in Mallorca, Spain, demonstrating the platform’s modular, roughly 1 MW/2 MWh building-block architecture for solar-plus-storage applications.
8. SCHMID Group / SCHMID Energy Systems
- Founded: 1864
- Headquarters: Freudenstadt, Germany
- Core products: EverFlow VRFB systems for residential, telecom, C&I, and utility applications
- Official website: schmid-group.com
SCHMID Group is a more than 160-year-old German technology group with manufacturing sites across Germany, China, Turkey, and the US, originally built on equipment and process solutions for the electronics and photovoltaic industries before extending into energy storage. Its EverFlow VRFB product line is run through SCHMID Energy Systems, and the company expanded its manufacturing reach in 2025 through a joint venture with Turkish solar manufacturer Pekintaş Group, aimed at scaling output toward gigawatt-hour volumes for markets outside Turkey.
EverFlow’s range spans compact home-based units, telecom back-up storage designed to deter battery theft at off-grid base stations, and containerized C&I and utility blocks. SCHMID’s long history in precision industrial equipment manufacturing — rather than batteries alone — gives EverFlow systems a reputation for build quality and has supported newer applications such as flow-battery-powered electric inland shipping vessels.
9. VFlowTech
- Founded: 2018
- Headquarters: Singapore
- Core products: PowerCube modular VRFB systems
- Official website: vflowtech.com
VFlowTech is Singapore’s leading VRFB developer, built on intellectual property accumulated through years of academic research at Nanyang Technological University. The company has deployed systems on Singapore’s Pulau Ubin and Jurong Island to displace diesel generation, and has extended into rural electrification projects in India and parts of Africa, plus backup power applications in Japan — positioning itself as a specialist for compact, modular flow storage in land-constrained markets.
VFlowTech’s PowerCube architecture uses smart pump and stack management to improve round-trip efficiency by deactivating auxiliary stacks under low-load conditions, raising efficiency by an estimated 3–5%. Its modular, roughly 50 kWh-per-unit design and 25-year expected lifespan target distributed and microgrid applications — including EV charging backup — where compact footprint and low maintenance matter more than raw utility-scale throughput.
10. H2, Inc.
- Founded: 2013
- Headquarters: Daejeon, with VRFB manufacturing at Gyeryong-si, South Korea
- Core products: EnerFLOW VRFB series
- Official website: h2aec.com
H2, Inc. is a South Korean VRFB manufacturer that has scaled rapidly since launching its first commercial product line in 2013, raising roughly US$77 million across several funding rounds. The company has positioned itself as a fire-safe alternative to lithium-ion storage following a series of battery fire incidents at Korean facilities, and has expanded internationally with projects in California and Spain — among the largest VRFB deployments in their respective markets.
H2’s EnerFLOW 640 module uses proprietary HyperBOOST and FusionCell technologies to achieve what the company describes as one of the smallest footprints yet for a VRFB of its class. With manufacturing capacity expanding from 330 MWh toward a planned 1.2 GWh per year at its Gyeryong-si site, H2 is positioning for utility and long-duration energy storage (LDES) contracts beyond its home market.
Choosing a VRFB Partner
If your project calls for long-duration, fire-safe energy storage that can be paired with solar, wind, or industrial loads, HIITIO’s vanadium redox flow battery systems are built for exactly that brief. Our modular, containerized VRFB units combine the battery stack, electrolyte, piping, and control system in a single transportable cabinet, simplifying installation for distributed and mid-scale projects while supporting a working life of roughly 25 years with minimal capacity loss.
Because HIITIO also manufactures HVDC contactors, semiconductor fuses, and surge protection devices, we can bundle protection and storage components from a single supplier, helping EPCs and system integrators reduce sourcing complexity and integration risk. Visit our VRFB product page for technical specifications, or get in touch with our team to request a datasheet and project sizing support.
